Planaria

Planaria

 QUESTIONS

1. What type of symmetry does the dugesia have?
radial bilateral asymmetry

2. What term is used to describe how a planarian can regrow its body parts?
regeneration fission cephalization

3. Which of the following is associated with the planarian's nervous system?
flame cells diffusion ganglia

4. Asexual reproduction can occur through a process called:
transverse fission binary fission cocoooning

5. A hermaphrodite is an animal that:
can asexually reproduce can regenerate has both male and female parts

6. The dugesia belongs to the phylum:
platyhelminthes planaria turbellaria

7. How could a a person catch a dugesia?
using a net to siphon them from the surface of the water
using a hook and raw liver to attract them

8. An animal that has no internal body cavity to hold organs is called a(n):
turbellarian hermaphrodite acoelomate

9. How does the dugesia obtain oxygen?
diffusion through gills with its flame cells

10. The dugesia will tend to stay in what areas?
dark light warm

Glycolysis

 

Glycolysis

Glycolysis is the most important stage in cellular respiration. It’s the most important because its series of reactions which are enzymatic actions and energy transactions. In the process glucose gets broken down for NAPH and ATP. The different phases include investment, cleavage and energy harvest. Investment is the energy activation supplied needed in order to start the reaction; cleavage is the six carbon sugar divides in the reaction; harvest is the energy that gets yielded. Glycolysis is extremely important because all living organisms perform it for energy. The metabolic pathway where pyruvate gets sent is an anaerobic cytoplasmic pathway. It’s anaerobic because it’ll be fermented; the cell pyruvate termination will be the Kreb’s cycle and total oxidation also occurs. My waarent was the glycolysis rap.

 

 

GMO

GMO

GMO is a genetically modified organism that had its genetic material modified in order to produce a specific trait. GMO is accomplished through genetic engineering techniques. Scientists have already been successful with the genetic modification of plants and animals. GMO has become very controversial because of its side effects on certain organisms. This is why GMO should be banned throughout the world. There are a large amount of disadvantages when it comes to GMO. GMO has the potential to damage humans and animals. It was originally designed to kill the insects that were trying to consume the crop. The toxins were successful killing the insects but it was also gaining entrance into the humans’ diet. It can produce autism, trigger allergies, birth affects and ultimately cancer. GMO makes natural nutrients unavailable to us and replaces it with toxins. The effects of the toxins trigger unhealthy symptoms. In South Africa, a large amount of people were eating GMO crops. These crops caused deadly effects such as headaches, runny noses, crossed eyes, and death. When the corn was not GMO, the people displayed a healthy status. GMO can be severe to children because kids are more sensitive to smaller amounts of toxins. It can affect the child's growth development. In animals, it can have negative reactions within them. While consuming GMO plants, animals such as pigs and cattle can tremendously suffer. The pigs on the farm experienced deadly diarrhea and high death rates. The cattle got ill and also had high death rates. It was not until the farmers changed the animals' diet that they started becoming healthier. The GMO diet had extremely negative side affects on the animals.

 

 

DNA Fingerprinting

DNA Fingerprinting 

DNA fingerprinting has the potential to identify a specific individual. A DNA sample such as blood,hair,salvia or semen can contains a person's genetic information. Everybody's DNA is distinguished from one another. Although genes may repeat in a DNA strand, short tandem repeats are what differentiates. DNA fingerprinting has had a significant impact on the study of forensics. DNA fingerprinting has provided detectives with the concrete evidence needed to prosecute a suspect. It can also be used to determine the father of a baby with a paternity test. The development of DNA fingerprinting has made solving mysteries easier. Without it, identifying and profiling individuals would extremely difficult. 

PCR

3 Advantages of PCR

PCR has three important advantages that that is important in the practice of forensics. One benefit from PCR is that you can produce more copies of a minimal starting amount in good for criminal investigation. In an investigation this is important because the extra copies help in identifying a suspect. Another advantage of PCR is you can reproduce a large amount of copies in a small amount of time. Lastly PCR can still be effective with small molecular weight DNA samples. Even if the same is damaged in many ways, PCR can still function properly. RFLP requires higher molecular weight. There are 12 steps tp RFLP. 1 is visual evaluation, 2 is assay, 3 is digestion, 4 is test gel, 5 is known sample perpartion, 6 is anaytical electrophoresis, 7 is southern blot, 8 is hybridizing, 9 is autoradiography, 10 is imaging, 11 is striporing and 12 is more probing. PCR is a more common practice than RFLP beacuse in most crime scences, only a small DNA sample is avaliable.